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The "temperature" of a curve Gamma is defined as T=1/(ln((2l)/(2l-h))), where l is the length of Gamma and h is the length of the perimeter of the convex hull. The ...

Any nontrivial, closed, simple, smooth spherical curve dividing the surface of a sphere into two parts of equal areas has at least four inflection points.

A four-vector a_mu is said to be timelike if its four-vector norm satisfies a_mua^mu<0. One should note that the four-vector norm is nothing more than a special case of the ...

Tomography is the study of the reconstruction of two- and three-dimensional objects from one-dimensional slices. The Radon transform is an important tool in tomography. ...

Toroidal functions are a class of functions also called ring functions that appear in systems having toroidal symmetry. Toroidal functions can be expressed in terms of the ...

The function defined by (1) (Heatley 1943; Abramowitz and Stegun 1972, p. 509), where _1F_1(a;b;z) is a confluent hypergeometric function of the first kind and Gamma(z) is ...

The torsion of a space curve, sometimes also called the "second curvature" (Kreyszig 1991, p. 47), is the rate of change of the curve's osculating plane. The torsion tau is ...

The term "total curvature" is used in two different ways in differential geometry. The total curvature, also called the third curvature, of a space curve with line elements ...

Given a complex measure mu, there exists a positive measure denoted |mu| which measures the total variation of mu, also sometimes called simply "total variation." In ...

Let f:R×R->R be a one-parameter family of C^2 maps satisfying f(0,mu)=0 (1) [(partialf)/(partialx)]_(mu=0,x=0)=0 (2) [(partial^2f)/(partialxpartialmu)]_(0,0)>0 (3) ...