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A two-component complex column vector. Spinors can describe both bosons and fermions, while tensors can describe only bosons.

Let V be a real vector space (e.g., the real continuous functions C(I) on a closed interval I, two-dimensional Euclidean space R^2, the twice differentiable real functions ...

An equilibrium minimal surface for a crystal or drop which has the least anisotropic surface free energy for a given volume. It is the anisotropic analog of a sphere. In the ...

RSA numbers are difficult to-factor composite numbers having exactly two prime factors (i.e., so-called semiprimes) that were listed in the Factoring Challenge of RSA ...

A perfect graph is a graph G such that for every induced subgraph of G, the clique number equals the chromatic number, i.e., omega(G)=chi(G). A graph that is not a perfect ...

"At least one" is a mathematical term meaning one or more. It is commonly used in situations where existence can be established but it is not known how to determine the total ...

An axiom is a proposition regarded as self-evidently true without proof. The word "axiom" is a slightly archaic synonym for postulate. Compare conjecture or hypothesis, both ...

The term "bundle" is an abbreviated form of the full term fiber bundle. Depending on context, it may mean one of the special cases of fiber bundles, such as a vector bundle ...

A generalization of Grassmann coordinates to m-D algebraic varieties of degree d in P^n, where P^n is an n-dimensional projective space. To define the Chow coordinates, take ...

A reduction system is said to posses the Church-Rosser property if, for all x and y such that x<->_*y, there exists a z such that x->_*z and y->_*z. A reduction system is ...