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A proper ideal of a ring that is not the intersection of two ideals which properly contain it. In a principal ideal domain, the ideal I=<a> is irreducible iff a=0 or a is an ...

The set of nilpotent elements in a commutative ring is an ideal, and it is called the nilradical. Another equivalent description is that it is the intersection of the prime ...

Let P be a prime ideal in D_m not containing m. Then (Phi(P))=P^(sumtsigma_t^(-1)), where the sum is over all 1<=t<m which are relatively prime to m. Here D_m is the ring of ...

A chart made by plotting the numeric values of a set of quantities as a set of adjacent circular wedges with arc lengths proportional to the total amount. All wedges taken ...

The solid cut from a horizontal cylinder of length L and radius R by a single plane oriented parallel to the cylinder's axis of symmetry (i.e., a portion of a horizontal ...

The coheight of a proper ideal I of a commutative Noetherian unit ring R is the Krull dimension of the quotient ring R/I. The coheight is related to the height of I by the ...

If A and B are commutative unit rings, and A is a subring of B, then A is called integrally closed in B if every element of B which is integral over A belongs to A; in other ...

A nonzero and noninvertible element a of a ring R which generates a prime ideal. It can also be characterized by the condition that whenever a divides a product in R, a ...

The quotient space K^__1A=K_1A/{0,[-1]} of the Whitehead group K_1A is known as the reduced Whitehead group. Here, the element [-1] in K_1A denotes the order-2 element ...

In a noncommutative ring R, a right ideal is a subset I which is an additive subgroup of R and such that for all r in R and all a in I, ar in I. (1) For all a in R, the set ...