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In the above figure, the sides a and b have the same length, appearances to the contrary. In the related illusion illustrated above, the interior lines appear to be of ...

The use of percentages is a way of expressing ratios in terms of whole numbers. A ratio or fraction is converted to a percentage by multiplying by 100 and appending a ...

A perspective collineation with center O and axis o is a collineation which leaves all lines through O and points of o invariant. Every perspective collineation is a ...

A function or curve is piecewise continuous if it is continuous on all but a finite number of points at which certain matching conditions are sometimes required.

A positive integer n is kth powerfree if there is no number d such that d^k|n (d^k divides n), i.e., there are no kth powers or higher in the prime factorization of n. A ...

A polygon vertex x_i of a simple polygon P is a principal polygon vertex if the diagonal [x_(i-1),x_(i+1)] intersects the boundary of P only at x_(i-1) and x_(i+1).

A group action of a topological group G on a topological space X is said to be a proper group action if the mapping G×X->X×X(g,x)|->(gx,x) is a proper map, i.e., inverses of ...

A surface constructed by placing a family of figure-eight curves into R^3 such that the first and last curves reduce to points. The surface has parametric equations x(u,v) = ...

A statistical test making use of the statistical ranks of data points. Examples include the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test and Wilcoxon signed rank test.

A rational polynomial is a polynomial having rational coefficients. While the term "rational polynomial" is sometimes used as a synonym for rational function, this usage is ...