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The ratio of the independence number of a graph G to its vertex count is known as the independence ratio of G (Bollobás 1981). The product of the chromatic number and ...

The indices of a contravariant tensor A^j can be lowered, turning it into a covariant tensor A_i, by multiplication by a so-called metric tensor g_(ij), e.g., g_(ij)A^j=A_i.

A particular type of automorphism group which exists only for groups. For a group G, the inner automorphism group is defined by Inn(G)={sigma_a:a in G} subset Aut(G) where ...

The interior of a set is the union of all its open subsets. More informally, the interior of geometric structure is that portion of a region lying "inside" a specified ...

A negative-height (inward-pointing) pyramid used in augmentation. The term was introduced by B. Grünbaum.

A polynomial admitting a multiplicative inverse. In the polynomial ring R[x], where R is an integral domain, the invertible polynomials are precisely the constant polynomials ...

Let a plane figure have area A and perimeter p. Then Q=(4piA)/(p^2)<=1, where Q is known as the isoperimetric quotient. The equation becomes an equality only for a circle.

The circumcircle of the Johnson triangle DeltaJ_AJ_BJ_C has center at the orthocenter H of the reference triangle and radius R, where R is the circumradius of the reference ...

1000 bytes. Unfortunately, the term is sometimes also used to mean 2^(10)=1024 bytes. However, this usage is deprecated, and the term kibibyte is preferred for 1024 bytes.

A set of plane measure 0 that contains a circle of every radius.