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An ultrametric is a metric which satisfies the following strengthened version of the triangle inequality, d(x,z)<=max(d(x,y),d(y,z)) for all x,y,z. At least two of d(x,y), ...

Given vectors u and v, the vector direct product, also known as a dyadic, is uv=u tensor v^(T), where tensor is the Kronecker product and v^(T) is the matrix transpose. For ...

A smooth two-dimensional surface given by embedding the projective plane into projective 5-space by the homogeneous parametric equations v(x,y,z)=(x^2,y^2,z^2,xy,xz,yz). The ...

Let N be an odd integer, and assume there exists a Lucas sequence {U_n} with associated Sylvester cyclotomic numbers {Q_n} such that there is an n>sqrt(N) (with n and N ...

An Asian version of chess, sometimes also called Chinese Chess, that is currently played extensively in China, Taiwan, Thailand, Singapore, Vietnam, and Hong Kong. The ...

The two-dimensional map x_(n+1) = [x_n+nu(1+muy_n)+epsilonnumucos(2pix_n)] (mod 1) (1) y_(n+1) = e^(-Gamma)[y_n+epsiloncos(2pix_n)], (2) where mu=(1-e^(-Gamma))/Gamma (3) ...

A classic arithmetical problem probably first posed by Euclid and investigated by various authors in the Middle Ages. The problem is formulated as a dialogue between the two ...

A completely positive matrix is a real n×n square matrix A=(a_(ij)) that can be factorized as A=BB^(T), where B^(T) stands for the transpose of B and B is any (not ...

There are (at least) two graphs associated with Horton, illustrated above. The first is a graph on 96 nodes providing a counterexample to the Tutte conjecture that every ...

A polynomial is said to be irreducible if it cannot be factored into nontrivial polynomials over the same field. For example, in the field of rational polynomials Q[x] (i.e., ...