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A figurate number of the form g_n=2n-1 giving the area of the square gnomon obtained by removing a square of side n-1 from a square of side n, g_n = n^2-(n-1)^2 (1) = 2n-1. ...

The Goddard-Henning enneahedron, a term coined here, is the canonical polyhedron obtained from the Goddard-Henning graph. It has 9 vertices, 16 edges (consisting of 3 ...

The golden angle is the angle that divides a full angle in a golden ratio (but measured in the opposite direction so that it measures less than 180 degrees), i.e., GA = ...

A golden rhombus is a rhombus whose diagonals are in the ratio p/q=phi, where phi is the golden ratio. The faces of the acute golden rhombohedron, Bilinski dodecahedron, ...

A prime p_n is called "good" if p_n^2>p_(n-i)p_(n+i) for all 1<=i<=n-1 (there is a typo in Guy 1994 in which the is are replaced by 1s). There are infinitely many good ...

The Gosper island (Mandelbrot 1977), also known as a flowsnake (Gardner 1989, p. 41), is a fractal that is a modification of the Koch snowflake. The term "Gosper island" was ...

A graceful permutation sigma on n letters is a permutation such that {|sigma(i)-sigma(i+1)|:i=1,2,...,n-1}={1,2,...,n-1}. For example, there are four graceful permutations on ...

The term "gradient" has several meanings in mathematics. The simplest is as a synonym for slope. The more general gradient, called simply "the" gradient in vector analysis, ...

The Griewank function is a function widely used to test the convergence of optimization functions. The Griewank function of order n is defined by ...

A special case of nim played by the following rules. Given a heap of size n, two players alternately select a heap and divide it into two unequal heaps. A player loses when ...