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In statistical mechanics, the two-dimensional Ising model is a popular tool used to study the dipole moments of magnetic spins. The Ising model in two dimensions is a type of ...

Let Gamma be an algebraic curve in a projective space of dimension n, and let p be the prime ideal defining Gamma, and let chi(p,m) be the number of linearly independent ...

The maximum possible weight of a fractional clique of a graph G is called the fractional clique number of G, denoted omega^*(G) (Godsil and Royle 2001, pp. 136-137) or ...

The fractional edge chromatic number of a graph G is the fractional analog of the edge chromatic number, denoted chi_f^'(G) by Scheinerman and Ullman (2011). It can be ...

An imperfect graph G is a graph that is not perfect. Therefore, graphs G with omega(G)<chi(G) (1) where omega(G) is the clique number and chi(G) is the chromatic number are ...

Let chi be a nonprincipal number theoretic character over Z/Zn. Then for any integer h, |sum_(x=1)^hchi(x)|<=2sqrt(n)lnn.

The Hadwiger conjecture is a generalization of the four-color theorem which states that for any loopless graph G with h(G) the Hadwiger number and chi(G) the chromatic ...

There are several theorems known as the "sandwich theorem." In calculus, the squeeze theorem is also sometimes known as the sandwich theorem. In graph theory, the sandwich ...

A generalization by Kronecker of Kummer's theory of prime ideal factors. A divisor on a full subcategory C of mod(A) is an additive mapping chi on C with values in a ...

The convexity coefficient chi(D) of a region D is the probability that the line segment connecting two random points in D is contained entirely within D. For a convex region, ...