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The dual vector space to a real vector space V is the vector space of linear functions f:V->R, denoted V^*. In the dual of a complex vector space, the linear functions take ...

A metatheorem stating that every theorem on partially ordered sets remains true if all inequalities are reversed. In this operation, supremum must be replaced by infimum, ...

A two-person game where each of the players can take as long as he likes to prepare his move, but the other can take advantage of his hesitation. In this conflict situation, ...

The Dürer folium is a special case of the rose curve with n=1. It is therefore also an epitrochoid. It has polar equation r=asin(theta/2) (1) and can be written as a ...

A variable that appears in a calculation only as a placeholder and which disappears completely in the final result. For example, in the integral int_0^xf(x^')dx^', x^' is a ...

A dyadic, also known as a vector direct product, is a linear polynomial of dyads AB+CD+... consisting of nine components A_(ij) which transform as (A_(ij))^' = ...

An E_8 polytope is a polytope having the symmetry of the exceptional simple Lie groups E_8 of dimension 248. There are 255 uniform polytopes with E_8 symmetry in 8 ...

The Earth-Moon problem is a special case of the empire problem for countries with m=2 disjoint regions, with one region of each country lying on the Earth and one on the Moon ...

A matrix that has undergone Gaussian elimination is said to be in row echelon form or, more properly, "reduced echelon form" or "row-reduced echelon form." Such a matrix has ...

An edge-induced subgraph is a subset of the edges of a graph G together with any vertices that are their endpoints. The subgraph induced by a set of edges can be computed in ...