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Delta(x_1,...,x_n) = |1 x_1 x_1^2 ... x_1^(n-1); 1 x_2 x_2^2 ... x_2^(n-1); | | | ... |; 1 x_n x_n^2 ... x_n^(n-1)| (1) = product_(i,j; i>j)(x_i-x_j) (2) (Sharpe 1987). For ...

A variate is a generalization of the concept of a random variable that is defined without reference to a particular type of probabilistic experiment. It is defined as the set ...

For a second-order ordinary differential equation, y^('')+p(x)y^'+q(x)y=g(x). (1) Assume that linearly independent solutions y_1(x) and y_2(x) are known to the homogeneous ...

A variety is a class of algebras that is closed under homomorphisms, subalgebras, and direct products. Examples include the variety of groups, the variety of rings, the ...

Vassiliev invariants, discovered around 1989, provided a radically new way of looking at knots. The notion of finite type (a.k.a. Vassiliev) knot invariants was independently ...

Let a vault consist of two equal half-cylinders of radius r which intersect at right angles so that the lines of their intersections (the "groins") terminate in the ...

Vector addition is the operation of adding two or more vectors together into a vector sum. The so-called parallelogram law gives the rule for vector addition of two or more ...

A vector field is a map f:R^n|->R^n that assigns each x a vector f(x). Several vector fields are illustrated above. A vector field is uniquely specified by giving its ...

A vector Laplacian can be defined for a vector A by del ^2A=del (del ·A)-del x(del xA), (1) where the notation ✡ is sometimes used to distinguish the vector Laplacian from ...

Given an n-dimensional vector x=[x_1; x_2; |; x_n], (1) a general vector norm |x|, sometimes written with a double bar as ||x||, is a nonnegative norm defined such that 1. ...