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An algebraic surface of surface order 4. Unlike cubic surfaces, quartic surfaces have not been fully classified. Examples of quartic surfaces include the apple surface, ...

Let G=(V,E) be a finite graph, let Omega be the set Omega={0,1}^E whose members are vectors omega=(omega(e):e in E), and let F be the sigma-algebra of all subsets of Omega. A ...

A ruled surface is a surface that can be swept out by moving a line in space. It therefore has a parameterization of the form x(u,v)=b(u)+vdelta(u), (1) where b is called the ...

A secant line, also simply called a secant, is a line passing through two points of a curve. As the two points are brought together (or, more precisely, as one is brought ...

There are at least two distinct notions of when a point process is stationary. The most commonly utilized terminology is as follows: Intuitively, a point process X defined on ...

A tree is a mathematical structure that can be viewed as either a graph or as a data structure. The two views are equivalent, since a tree data structure contains not only a ...

A complete graph is a graph in which each pair of graph vertices is connected by an edge. The complete graph with n graph vertices is denoted K_n and has (n; 2)=n(n-1)/2 (the ...

An algebraic curve over a field K is an equation f(X,Y)=0, where f(X,Y) is a polynomial in X and Y with coefficients in K. A nonsingular algebraic curve is an algebraic curve ...

A Latin square is said to be odd if it contains an odd number of rows and columns that are odd permutations. Otherwise, it is said to be even. Let the number of even Latin ...

A binary tree is a tree-like structure that is rooted and in which each vertex has at most two children and each child of a vertex is designated as its left or right child ...