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The theory of analyzing a decision between a collection of alternatives made by a collection of n voters with separate opinions. Any choice for the entire group should ...

The difference between the sum of the angles A, B, and C of a spherical triangle and pi radians (180 degrees), E=A+B+C-pi. The notation Delta is sometimes used for spherical ...

In nonstandard analysis, the limitation to first-order analysis can be avoided by using a construction known as a superstructure. Superstructures are constructed in the ...

A symmetric function on n variables x_1, ..., x_n is a function that is unchanged by any permutation of its variables. In most contexts, the term "symmetric function" refers ...

A dissection fallacy discovered by Dudeney (1958). The same set of tangram pieces can apparently produce two different figures, one of which is a proper subset of the other. ...

Two submanifolds X and Y in an ambient space M intersect transversally if, for all p in X intersection Y, TX_p+TY_p={v+w:v in TX_p,w in TY_p}=TM_p, where the addition is in ...

The above two figures are rearrangements of each other, with the corresponding triangles and polyominoes having the same areas. Nevertheless, the bottom figure has an area ...

A tetrahedron having a trihedron all of the face angles of which are right angles. The face opposite the vertex of the right angles is called the base. If the edge lengths ...

Given a topological vector space X and a neighborhood V of 0 in X, the polar K=K(V) of V is defined to be the set K(V)={Lambda in X^*:|Lambdax|<=1 for every x in V} and where ...

Let X=(X,tau) be a topological vector space whose continuous dual X^* may or may not separate points (i.e., may or may not be T2). The weak-* (pronounced "weak star") ...