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The value for zeta(2)=sum_(k=1)^infty1/(k^2) (1) can be found using a number of different techniques (Apostol 1983, Choe 1987, Giesy 1972, Holme 1970, Kimble 1987, Knopp and ...

The characteristic polynomial is the polynomial left-hand side of the characteristic equation det(A-lambdaI)=0, (1) where A is a square matrix and I is the identity matrix of ...

Conway games were introduced by J. H. Conway in 1976 to provide a formal structure for analyzing games satisfying certain requirements: 1. There are two players, Left and ...

The cosine function cosx is one of the basic functions encountered in trigonometry (the others being the cosecant, cotangent, secant, sine, and tangent). Let theta be an ...

Probability is the branch of mathematics that studies the possible outcomes of given events together with the outcomes' relative likelihoods and distributions. In common ...

P(n), sometimes also denoted p(n) (Abramowitz and Stegun 1972, p. 825; Comtet 1974, p. 94; Hardy and Wright 1979, p. 273; Conway and Guy 1996, p. 94; Andrews 1998, p. 1), ...

A regular continued fraction is a simple continued fraction x = b_0+1/(b_1+1/(b_2+1/(b_3+...))) (1) = K_(k=1)^(infty)1/(b_k) (2) = [b_0;b_1,b_2,...], (3) where b_0 is an ...

Given a power spectrum (a plot of power vs. frequency), aliasing is a false translation of power falling in some frequency range (-f_c,f_c) outside the range. Aliasing is ...

A method which can be used to solve some classes of integral equations and is especially useful in implementing certain types of data inversion. It has been applied to invert ...

A two-sided (doubly infinite) Z-Transform, Z^((2))[{a_n}_(n=-infty)^infty](z)=sum_(n=-infty)^infty(a_n)/(z^n) (Zwillinger 1996; Krantz 1999, p. 214). The bilateral transform ...