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Let E be a simply connected compact set in the complex plane. By the Riemann mapping theorem, there is a unique analytic function ...

A cubic triangular number is a positive integer that is simultaneously cubic and triangular. Such a number must therefore satisfy T_n=m^3 for some positive integers n and m, ...

The Euler-Gergonne-Soddy circle, a term coined here for the first time, is the circumcircle of the Euler-Gergonne-Soddy triangle. Since the Euler-Gergonne-Soddy triangle is a ...

The four parameters e_0, e_1, e_2, and e_3 describing a finite rotation about an arbitrary axis. The Euler parameters are defined by e_0 = cos(phi/2) (1) e = [e_1; e_2; e_3] ...

A mathematical structure first introduced by Kolyvagin (1990) and defined as follows. Let T be a finite-dimensional p-adic representation of the Galois group of a number ...

A non-zero module which is not the direct sum of two of its proper submodules. The negation of indecomposable is, of course, decomposable. An abstract vector space is ...

The inner Napoleon triangle is the triangle DeltaN_AN_BN_C formed by the centers of internally erected equilateral triangles DeltaABE_C, DeltaACE_B, and DeltaBCE_A on the ...

The length of all composition series of a module M. According to the Jordan-Hölder theorem for modules, if M has any composition series, then all such series are equivalent. ...

To solve the system of differential equations (dx)/(dt)=Ax(t)+p(t), (1) where A is a matrix and x and p are vectors, first consider the homogeneous case with p=0. The ...

A number satisfying Fermat's little theorem (or some other primality test) for some nontrivial base. A probable prime which is shown to be composite is called a pseudoprime ...