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Fermat's 4n+1 theorem, sometimes called Fermat's two-square theorem or simply "Fermat's theorem," states that a prime number p can be represented in an essentially unique ...

The Jerabek hyperbola is a circumconic that is the isogonal conjugate of the Euler line (Kimberling 1998, p. 237). Since it is a circumconic passing through the orthocenter, ...

The rational distance problem asks to find a geometric configuration satisfying given properties such that all distances along specific edges are rational numbers. (This is ...

Consider the Euler product zeta(s)=product_(k=1)^infty1/(1-1/(p_k^s)), (1) where zeta(s) is the Riemann zeta function and p_k is the kth prime. zeta(1)=infty, but taking the ...

A harmonic number is a number of the form H_n=sum_(k=1)^n1/k (1) arising from truncation of the harmonic series. A harmonic number can be expressed analytically as ...

The turning of an object or coordinate system by an angle about a fixed point. A rotation is an orientation-preserving orthogonal transformation. Euler's rotation theorem ...

An elliptic curve of the form y^2=x^3+n for n an integer. This equation has a finite number of solutions in integers for all nonzero n. If (x,y) is a solution, it therefore ...

There are a great many beautiful identities involving q-series, some of which follow directly by taking the q-analog of standard combinatorial identities, e.g., the ...

The Tixier point X_(476) is the reflection of the focus of the Kiepert parabola (X_(110)) in the Euler line. It has equivalent trilinear center functions X_(476) = ...

A plot in the complex plane of the points B(t)=S(t)+iC(t), (1) where S(t) and C(t) are the Fresnel integrals (von Seggern 2007, p. 210; Gray 1997, p. 65). The Cornu spiral is ...