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The minimal residue of a (mod m) is the value b or b-m, whichever is smaller in absolute value, where a=b (mod m). If m=2b (so that b=|b-m|), then the minimal residue is ...

The approximating polynomial which has the smallest maximum deviation from the true function. It is closely approximated by the Chebyshev polynomials of the first kind.

The statistical index P_M=(sump_nq_a)/(sump_0q_a), where p_n is the price per unit in period n and q_n is the quantity produced in period n.

A polynomial in more than one variable, e.g., .

The nth cubic number n^3 is a sum of n consecutive odd numbers, for example 1^3 = 1 (1) 2^3 = 3+5 (2) 3^3 = 7+9+11 (3) 4^3 = 13+15+17+19, (4) etc. This identity follows from ...

A nonregular number, also called an infinite decimal (Havil 2003, p. 25), is a positive number that has an infinite decimal expansion. In contrast, a number that has a finite ...

In every residue class modulo p, there is exactly one integer polynomial with coefficients >=0 and <=p-1. This polynomial is called the normal polynomial modulo p in the ...

The study of numbers for the supposed purpose of predicting future events or seeking connections with the occult.

Two representations of a group chi_i and chi_j are said to be orthogonal if sum_(R)chi_i(R)chi_j(R)=0 for i!=j, where the sum is over all elements R of the representation.

An inner automorphism of a group G is an automorphism of the form phi(g)=h^(-1)gh, where h is a fixed element of G. An outer automorphism of G is an automorphism which cannot ...