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It is thought that the totient valence function N_phi(m)>=2, i.e., if there is an n such that phi(n)=m, then there are at least two solutions n. This assertion is called ...

A minimal surface given by the parametric equations x(u,v) = u-sinucoshv (1) y(u,v) = 1-cosucoshv (2) z(u,v) = 4sin(1/2u)sinh(1/2v) (3) (Gray 1997), or x(r,phi) = ...

Special cases of general formulas due to Bessel. J_0(sqrt(z^2-y^2))=1/piint_0^pie^(ycostheta)cos(zsintheta)dtheta, where J_0(z) is a Bessel function of the first kind. Now, ...

A conjecture that, as proved by Parshin (1968), implies the Mordell conjecture.

A generalization of Fermat's last theorem which states that if a^x+b^y=c^z, where a, b, c, x, y, and z are any positive integers with x,y,z>2, then a, b, and c have a common ...

For every k>1, there exist only finite many pairs of powers (p,p^') with p and p^' natural numbers and k=p^'-p.

Define a Bouniakowsky polynomial as an irreducible polynomial f(x) with integer coefficients, degree >1, and GCD(f(1),f(2),...)=1. The Bouniakowsky conjecture states that ...

Euler (1772ab) conjectured that there are no positive integer solutions to the quartic Diophantine equation A^4=B^4+C^4+D^4. This conjecture was disproved by Elkies (1988), ...

The numerators and denominators obtained by taking the ratios of adjacent terms in the triangular array of the number of +1 "bordered" alternating sign matrices A_n with a 1 ...

In Book IX of The Elements, Euclid gave a method for constructing perfect numbers (Dickson 2005, p. 3), although this method applies only to even perfect numbers. In a 1638 ...