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An orthogonal projection of a cross onto a three-dimensional subspace. It is said to be normalized if the cross vectors are all of unit length.

The Gauss-Bonnet formula has several formulations. The simplest one expresses the total Gaussian curvature of an embedded triangle in terms of the total geodesic curvature of ...

Turing machines are defined by sets of rules that operate on four parameters: (state, tape cell color, operation, state). Let the states and tape cell colors be numbered and ...

A right-angled parallelepiped with dimensions a×ab×abc, where a, b, and c are integers.

Given a Euclidean n-space, H_n=n+1.

A connection between two or more vertices of a hypergraph. A hyperedge connecting just two vertices is simply a usual graph edge.

A vector field v for which the curl vanishes, del xv=0.

The Lovász number theta(G) of a graph G, sometimes also called the theta function of G, was introduced by Lovász (1979) with the explicit goal of estimating the Shannon ...

Let S be partitioned into r×s disjoint sets E_i and F_j where the general subset is denoted E_i intersection F_j. Then the marginal probability of E_i is ...

A minimization of the maximum error for a fixed number of terms.