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For every positive integer n, there is a unique finite sequence of distinct nonconsecutive (not necessarily positive) integers k_1, ..., k_m such that ...

A generalization of the concept of set unions and intersections.

A finite set of contraction maps w_i for i=1, 2, ..., N, each with a contractivity factor s<1, which map a compact metric space onto itself. It is the basis for fractal image ...

Coordinates defined by an orthocentric system.

The axis in three-dimensional Cartesian coordinates which is usually oriented vertically. Cylindrical coordinates are defined such that the z-axis is the axis about which the ...

A coordinate system composed of intersecting surfaces. If the intersections are all at right angles, then the curvilinear coordinates are said to form an orthogonal ...

The Laplacian for a scalar function phi is a scalar differential operator defined by (1) where the h_i are the scale factors of the coordinate system (Weinberg 1972, p. 109; ...

Bipolar coordinates are a two-dimensional system of coordinates. There are two commonly defined types of bipolar coordinates, the first of which is defined by x = ...

The central point (r=0) in polar coordinates, or the point with all zero coordinates (0, ..., 0) in Cartesian coordinates. In three dimensions, the x-axis, y-axis, and z-axis ...

The vertical axis of a two-dimensional plot in Cartesian coordinates. Physicists and astronomers sometimes call this axis the ordinate, although that term is more commonly ...