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A pentagonal square triangular number is a number that is simultaneously a pentagonal number P_l, a square number S_m, and a triangular number T_n. This requires a solution ...

The general ellipsoid, also called a triaxial ellipsoid, is a quadratic surface which is given in Cartesian coordinates by (x^2)/(a^2)+(y^2)/(b^2)+(z^2)/(c^2)=1, (1) where ...

The n-ladder graph can be defined as L_n=P_2 square P_n, where P_n is a path graph (Hosoya and Harary 1993; Noy and Ribó 2004, Fig. 1). It is therefore equivalent to the 2×n ...

The lemniscate, also called the lemniscate of Bernoulli, is a polar curve defined as the locus of points such that the the product of distances from two fixed points (-a,0) ...

"Chaos" is a tricky thing to define. In fact, it is much easier to list properties that a system described as "chaotic" has rather than to give a precise definition of chaos. ...

The biconjugate gradient method often displays rather irregular convergence behavior. Moreover, the implicit LU decomposition of the reduced tridiagonal system may not exist, ...

A real polynomial P is said to be stable if all its roots lie in the left half-plane. The term "stable" is used to describe such a polynomial because, in the theory of linear ...

An incidence system (v, k, lambda, r, b) in which a set X of v points is partitioned into a family A of b subsets (blocks) in such a way that any two points determine lambda ...

A Lyapunov function is a scalar function V(y) defined on a region D that is continuous, positive definite, V(y)>0 for all y!=0), and has continuous first-order partial ...

The Lyapunov characteristic exponent [LCE] gives the rate of exponential divergence from perturbed initial conditions. To examine the behavior of an orbit around a point ...