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The conjecture that all integers >1 occur as a value of the totient valence function (i.e., all integers >1 occur as multiplicities). The conjecture was proved by Ford ...

A negative number multiplied by another negative number gives a positive number.

The operator I^~ which takes a real number to the same real number I^~r=r.

The number p in a fraction p/q, i.e., the dividend.

A term for number theory.

A finite, increasing sequence of integers {n_1,...,n_m} such that sum_(i=1)^m1/(n_i)-product_(i=1)^m1/(n_i) in N. A sequence is a Giuga sequence iff it satisfies ...

A requirement necessary for a given statement or theorem to hold. Also called a criterion.

A non-Abelian group all of whose subgroups are self-conjugate.

The number of empty neighbors of a cluster.

The number q in a star polygon {p/q}.