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A system of parameter chain complexes used for multiplication on differential graded algebras up to homotopy.

An n-manifold which cannot be "nontrivially" decomposed into other n-manifolds.

In the American system, 10^(48).

A reflexive relation.

If the fourth moment mu_4!=0, then P(|x^_-mu_4|>=lambda)<=(mu_4+3(N-1)sigma^4)/(N^3lambda^4), where sigma^2 is the variance.

The robustness of a given outcome to small changes in initial conditions or small random fluctuations. Chaos is an example of a process which is not stable.

A quantity which transforms like a tensor except for a scalar factor of a Jacobian.

A transformation of period 2.

When A and B are self-adjoint operators, e^(t(A+B))=lim_(n->infty)(e^(tA/n)e^(tB/n))^n.

The magnitude (length) of a vector x=(x_1,x_2,...,x_n) is given by |x|=sqrt(x_1^2+x_2^2+...+x_n^2).