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In the algebraic geometry of Grothendieck, a stack refers to a sheaf of categories. In particular, a stack is a presheaf of categories in which the following descent ...

Algorithmic graph theory is the study of graph traversal and generation and the complexity of these operations. Topics in algorithmic graph theory include Eulerian and ...

In a game proposed by J. H. Conway, a devil chases an angel on an infinite chessboard. At each move, the devil can eliminate one of the squares, and the angel can make a leap ...

An n×n magic square for which every pair of numbers symmetrically opposite the center sum to n^2+1. The Lo Shu is associative but not panmagic. The numbers of associative ...

An axiom is a proposition regarded as self-evidently true without proof. The word "axiom" is a slightly archaic synonym for postulate. Compare conjecture or hypothesis, both ...

A Banach algebra is an algebra B over a field F endowed with a norm ||·|| such that B is a Banach space under the norm ||·|| and ||xy||<=||x||||y||. F is frequently taken to ...

The numbers three and four appear prominently in the game of baseball. There are three strikes for an out, three outs per half-inning (i.e., teams switch after three outs, ...

The entire function B(z) = [(sin(piz))/pi]^2[2/z+sum_(n=0)^(infty)1/((z-n)^2)-sum_(n=1)^(infty)1/((z+n)^2)] (1) = 1-(2sin^2(piz))/(pi^2z^2)[z^2psi_1(z)-z-1], (2) where ...

In floating-point arithmetic, a biased exponent is the result of adding some constant (called the bias) to the exponent chosen to make the range of the exponent nonnegative. ...

The term Bol loop refers to either of two classes of algebraic loops satisfying the so-called Bol identities. In particular, a left Bol loop is an algebraic loop L which, for ...