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Given a commutative unit ring R and an extension ring S, an element s of S is called integral over R if it is one of the roots of a monic polynomial with coefficients in R.

The symbol int used to denote an integral intf(x)dx. The symbol was invented by Leibniz and chosen to be a stylized script "S" to stand for "summation."

Interest is a fee (or payment) made for the borrowing (or lending) of money. The two most common types of interest are simple interest, for which interest is paid only on the ...

The point that inversion of a curve is performed with respect to.

A square matrix A such that A^2=I, where I is the identity matrix. An involutory matrix is its own matrix inverse.

The Ionin-Kharaghani graph is a strongly regular graph on 765 vertices and 73440 edges. It has regular parameters (nu,k,lambda,mu)=(765,192,48,48). It is implemented in the ...

A submodule N of a module M that is not the intersection of two submodules of M in which it is properly contained. In other words, for all submodules N_1 and N_2 of M, N=N_1 ...

Two groups G and H are said to be isoclinic if there are isomorphisms G/Z(G)->H/Z(H) and G^'->H^', where Z(G) is the group center of the group, which identify the two ...

Two partially ordered sets are said to be isomorphic if their "structures" are entirely analogous. Formally, partially ordered sets P=(X,<=) and Q=(X^',<=^') are isomorphic ...

Given a point P in the interior of a triangle DeltaA_1A_2A_3, draw the cevians through P from each polygon vertex which meet the opposite sides at P_1, P_2, and P_3. Now, ...