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A sequence {a_n} such that either (1) a_(i+1)>=a_i for every i>=1, or (2) a_(i+1)<=a_i for every i>=1.

If one event can occur in m ways and a second can occur independently of the first in n ways, then the two events can occur in mn ways.

n events are said to be mutually exclusive if the occurrence of any one of them precludes any of the others. Therefore, for events X_1, ..., X_n, the conditional probability ...

An element B of a ring is nilpotent if there exists a positive integer k for which B^k=0.

Sampling at the Nyquist frequency.

The probability that a variate would assume a value greater than or equal to the observed value strictly by chance: P(z>=z_(observed)).

The metric ds^2=(dx^2+dy^2)/((1-|z|^2)^2) of the Poincaré hyperbolic disk.

The portion of the probability distribution which has a P-value equal to the observed P-value.

If B superset A (B is a superset of A), then P(A)<=P(B).

Sangaku problems, often written "san gaku," are geometric problems of the type found on devotional mathematical wooden tablets ("sangaku") which were hung under the roofs of ...