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There are two different definitions of the polar angle. In the plane, the polar angle theta is the counterclockwise angle from the x-axis at which a point in the xy-plane ...

A knot equivalent to a polygon in R^3, also called a tame knot. For a polygonal knot K, there exists a plane such that the orthogonal projection pi on it satisfies the ...

The contravariant four-vector arising in special and general relativity, x^mu=[x^0; x^1; x^2; x^3]=[ct; x; y; z], (1) where c is the speed of light and t is time. ...

The system of partial differential equations u_t+uu_x+vu_y=U_t+UU_x+mu/rhou_(yy) u_x+v_y=0.

A primary ideal is an ideal I such that if ab in I, then either a in I or b^m in I for some m>0. Prime ideals are always primary. A primary decomposition expresses any ideal ...

A data structure designed to allow repeated extraction of the smallest remaining key (Skiena 1990, p. 38).

A slightly archaic term for a computer-generated random number. The prefix pseudo- is used to distinguish this type of number from a "truly" random number generated by a ...

Let t, u, and v be the lengths of the tangents to a circle C from the vertices of a triangle with sides of lengths a, b, and c. Then the condition that C is tangent to the ...

A plane figure consisting of four points, each of which is joined to two other points by a line segment (where the line segments may intersect). A quadrangle may therefore be ...

A quadratic polynomial is a polynomial of degree 2. A univariate quadratic polynomial has the form f(x)=a_2x^2+a_1x+a_0. An equation involving a quadratic polynomial is ...