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A negative-height (inward-pointing) pyramid used in augmentation. The term was introduced by B. Grünbaum.

The number of elements greater than i to the left of i in a permutation gives the ith element of the inversion vector (Skiena 1990, p. 27).

Let a plane figure have area A and perimeter p. Then Q=(4piA)/(p^2)<=1, where Q is known as the isoperimetric quotient. The equation becomes an equality only for a circle.

Irreducible orientable compact 3-manifolds have a canonical (up to isotopy) minimal collection of disjointly embedded incompressible tori such that each component of the ...

Always decreasing; never remaining constant or increasing. Also called strictly decreasing.

I((chi_s^2)/(sqrt(2(k-1))),(k-3)/2)=(Gamma(1/2chi_s^2,(k-1)/2))/(Gamma((k-1)/2)), where Gamma(x) is the gamma function.

Polycairos are polyforms obtained from the Cairo tessellation, illustrated above. The numbers of polycairos with n=1, 2, ... components are 1, 2, 5, 17, 55, 206, 781, 3099, ...

A positive integer n is kth powerfree if there is no number d such that d^k|n (d^k divides n), i.e., there are no kth powers or higher in the prime factorization of n. A ...

An algebraic extension K over a field F is a purely inseparable extension if the algebraic number minimal polynomial of any element has only one root, possibly with ...

The reflexive closure of a binary relation R on a set X is the minimal reflexive relation R^' on X that contains R. Thus aR^'a for every element a of X and aR^'b for distinct ...