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The conjecture that all integers >1 occur as a value of the totient valence function (i.e., all integers >1 occur as multiplicities). The conjecture was proved by Ford ...

For any M, there exists a t^' such that the sequence n^2+t^', where n=1, 2, ... contains at least M primes.

A constant-curvature surface which can be given parametrically by x = rcosphi (1) y = rsinphi (2) z = (ln[tan(1/2v)]+a(C+1)cosv)/(sqrt(C)), (3) where phi = ...

Let X be a set. Then a sigma-algebra F is a nonempty collection of subsets of X such that the following hold: 1. X is in F. 2. If A is in F, then so is the complement of A. ...

Given a Hilbert space H, the sigma-strong operator topology is the topology on the algebra L(H) of bounded operators from H to itself defined as follows: A sequence S_i of ...

Sigma is the eighteenth letter of the ancient Greek alphabet. As an upper case letter (Sigma), it is used as a symbol for sums and series. As a lower case letter (sigma) it ...

The sign of a real number, also called sgn or signum, is -1 for a negative number (i.e., one with a minus sign "-"), 0 for the number zero, or +1 for a positive number (i.e., ...

Let theta be an irrational number, define S(theta)={c+dtheta:c,d in N}, and let c_n(theta)+thetad_n(theta) be the sequence obtained by arranging the elements of S(theta) in ...

Let delta=z>=z_(observed). A value 0<=alpha<=1 such that P(delta)<=alpha is considered "significant" (i.e., is not simply due to chance) is known as an alpha value. The ...

Significance arithmetic is the arithmetic of approximate numerical quantities that not only keeps track of numerical results, but also uses error propagation to track their ...