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The determinant of a binary quadratic form Au^2+2Buv+Cv^2 is defined as D=AC-B^2. It is equal to 1/4 of the corresponding binary quadratic form discriminant. Unfortunately, ...

The discriminant of a binary quadratic form au^2+buv+cv^2 is defined by d=4ac-b^2. It is equal to four times the corresponding binary quadratic form determinant. ...

The binary quadratic form F=<a,b,c> is said to be reduced if the following conditions hold. Let D=b^2-4ac be the discriminant, then 1. If D is negative, F is reduced if ...

A search algorithm of a tree that explores the first child of a node before visiting its siblings. Tarjan (1972) and Hopcroft and Tarjan (1973) showed that depth-first search ...

A method of stochastic optimization including techniques such as gradient search or Robbins-Monro stochastic approximation.

Transparallel processing refers to this search for regularities in O(2^N) strings as if only one string of length N were concerned (as is possible if the strings form a ...

The Hungarian algorithm finds a maximum independent edge set on a graph. The algorithm starts with any matching M and constructs a tree via a breadth-first search to find an ...

A Smarandache prime is a prime Smarandache number, i.e., a prime number of the form 1234...n. Surprisingly, no Smarandache primes are known as of Nov. 2015. Upper limits on ...

Stochastic optimization refers to the minimization (or maximization) of a function in the presence of randomness in the optimization process. The randomness may be present as ...

A search algorithm of a graph which explores all nodes adjacent to the current node before moving on. For cyclic graphs, care must be taken to make sure that no nodes are ...