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The Zernike polynomials are a set of orthogonal polynomials that arise in the expansion of a wavefront function for optical systems with circular pupils. The odd and even ...

An unknown is an independent variable of a function. A function with n independent variables is said to be a function "in," "with," or "of" n unknowns.

A general quartic surface defined by x^4+y^4+z^4+a(x^2+y^2+z^2)^2+b(x^2+y^2+z^2)+c=0 (1) (Gray 1997, p. 314). The above two images correspond to (a,b,c)=(0,0,-1), and ...

where _2F_1(a,b;c;z) is a hypergeometric function and _3F_2(a,b,c;d,e;z) is a generalized hypergeometric function.

The most common form of cosine integral is Ci(x) = -int_x^infty(costdt)/t (1) = gamma+lnx+int_0^x(cost-1)/tdt (2) = 1/2[Ei(ix)+Ei(-ix)] (3) = -1/2[E_1(ix)+E_1(-ix)], (4) ...

Bracewell's term for the delta function.

A map f:R^n|->R which assigns each x a scalar function f(x).

The logarithmic derivative of a function f is defined as the derivative of the logarithm of a function. For example, the digamma function is defined as the logarithmic ...

The application of an apodization function.

A space-filling function.