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A function f(t) of one or more parameters containing a noise term epsilon(t) f(t)=L(t)+epsilon(t), where the noise is (without loss of generality) assumed to be additive.

Faà di Bruno's formula gives an explicit equation for the nth derivative of the composition f(g(t)). If f(t) and g(t) are functions for which all necessary derivatives are ...

The study of the probabilities involved in geometric problems, e.g., the distributions of length, area, volume, etc. for geometric objects under stated conditions. The ...

Landau's problems are the four "unattackable" problems mentioned by Landau in the 1912 Fifth Congress of Mathematicians in Cambridge, namely: 1. The Goldbach conjecture, 2. ...

The term used in propositional calculus for the NAND connective. The notation A|B is used for this connective, a most unfortunate choice in light of modern usage of A|B or ...

A type of sale in which members of a group of buyers offer ever increasing amounts. The bidder making the last bid (for which no higher bid is subsequently made within a ...

The number of ways in which a group of n with weights sum_(i=1)^(n)w_i=1 can change a losing coalition (one with sumw_i<1/2) to a winning one, or vice versa. It was proposed ...

If there is an integer x such that x^4=q (mod p), then q is said to be a biquadratic residue (mod p). If not, q is said to be a biquadratic nonresidue (mod p).

The cardinal number of any set is lower than the cardinal number of the set of all its subsets. A corollary is that there is no highest aleph (aleph).

A gadget defined for complex vector bundles. The Chern classes of a complex manifold are the Chern classes of its tangent bundle. The ith Chern class is an obstruction to the ...