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The Christoffel symbols are tensor-like objects derived from a Riemannian metric g. They are used to study the geometry of the metric and appear, for example, in the geodesic ...

An equation involving a function f(x) and integrals of that function to solved for f(x). If the limits of the integral are fixed, an integral equation is called a Fredholm ...

S_n(z) = zj_n(z)=sqrt((piz)/2)J_(n+1/2)(z) (1) C_n(z) = -zn_n(z)=-sqrt((piz)/2)N_(n+1/2)(z), (2) where j_n(z) and n_n(z) are spherical Bessel functions of the first and ...

An integral equation of the form f(x)=int_a^xK(x,t)phi(t)dt, where K(x,t) is the integral kernel, f(x) is a specified function, and phi(t) is the function to be solved for.

Denoted zn(u,k) or Z(u). Z(phi|m)=E(phi|m)-(E(m)F(phi|m))/(K(m)), where phi is the Jacobi amplitude, m is the parameter, and F(phi|m) and K(m) are elliptic integrals of the ...

A Bessel function Z_n(x) is a function defined by the recurrence relations Z_(n+1)+Z_(n-1)=(2n)/xZ_n (1) and Z_(n+1)-Z_(n-1)=-2(dZ_n)/(dx). (2) The Bessel functions are more ...

The lemniscate, also called the lemniscate of Bernoulli, is a polar curve defined as the locus of points such that the the product of distances from two fixed points (-a,0) ...

The Abel equation of the first kind is given by y^'=f_0(x)+f_1(x)y+f_2(x)y^2+f_3(x)y^3+... (Murphy 1960, p. 23; Zwillinger 1997, p. 120), and the Abel equation of the second ...

Krall and Fink (1949) defined the Bessel polynomials as the function y_n(x) = sum_(k=0)^(n)((n+k)!)/((n-k)!k!)(x/2)^k (1) = sqrt(2/(pix))e^(1/x)K_(-n-1/2)(1/x), (2) where ...

If P(x,y) and P(x^',y^') are two points on an ellipse (x^2)/(a^2)+(y^2)/(b^2)=1, (1) with eccentric angles phi and phi^' such that tanphitanphi^'=b/a (2) and A=P(a,0) and ...