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A Diophantine problem (i.e., one whose solution must be given in terms of integers) which seeks a solution to the following problem. Given n men and a pile of coconuts, each ...

The 2-cusped epicycloid is called a nephroid. The name nephroid means "kidney shaped" and was first used for the two-cusped epicycloid by Proctor in 1878 (MacTutor Archive). ...

A hyperbola for which the asymptotes are perpendicular, also called an equilateral hyperbola or right hyperbola. This occurs when the semimajor and semiminor axes are equal. ...

Stratton (1935), Chu and Stratton (1941), and Rhodes (1970) define the spheroidal functions as those solutions of the differential equation (1) that remain finite at the ...

The number of cells in a generalized Chinese checkers board (or "centered" hexagram). Unlike the polygonal numbers, there is ambiguity in the case of the star numbers as to ...

Call a number of the form n^2-k a "near-square number." Numbers of the form n^2-5 for n=1, 2, ... are -4, -1, 4, 11, 20, 31, 44, 59, 76, 95, ... (OEIS A028875). These are ...

Pascal's triangle is a number triangle with numbers arranged in staggered rows such that a_(nr)=(n!)/(r!(n-r)!)=(n; r), (1) where (n; r) is a binomial coefficient. The ...

A series is an infinite ordered set of terms combined together by the addition operator. The term "infinite series" is sometimes used to emphasize the fact that series ...

The number of ways of partitioning a set of n elements into m nonempty sets (i.e., m set blocks), also called a Stirling set number. For example, the set {1,2,3} can be ...

A function tau(n) related to the divisor function sigma_k(n), also sometimes called Ramanujan's tau function. It is defined via the Fourier series of the modular discriminant ...