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A vector is formally defined as an element of a vector space. In the commonly encountered vector space R^n (i.e., Euclidean n-space), a vector is given by n coordinates and ...

The power of a fixed point A with respect to a circle of radius r and center O is defined by the product p=AP×AQ, (1) where P and Q are the intersections of a line through A ...

A curve with polar coordinates, r=b+asectheta (1) studied by the Greek mathematician Nicomedes in about 200 BC, also known as the cochloid. It is the locus of points a fixed ...

A connex is a geometric form introduced by Clebsch (1872) that included as special cases the curve considered as a point locus and the curve considered as a line envelope ...

A cylindrical segment, sometimes also called a truncated cylinder, is the solid cut from a circular cylinder by two (or more) planes. If there are two cutting planes, one ...

The distance between two points is the length of the path connecting them. In the plane, the distance between points (x_1,y_1) and (x_2,y_2) is given by the Pythagorean ...

The Gaussian integral, also called the probability integral and closely related to the erf function, is the integral of the one-dimensional Gaussian function over ...

The centroid is center of mass of a two-dimensional planar lamina or a three-dimensional solid. The mass of a lamina with surface density function sigma(x,y) is ...

The (circular) helicoid is the minimal surface having a (circular) helix as its boundary. It is the only ruled minimal surface other than the plane (Catalan 1842, do Carmo ...

A Kähler structure on a complex manifold M combines a Riemannian metric on the underlying real manifold with the complex structure. Such a structure brings together geometry ...