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A horizontal line placed above multiple quantities to indicate that they form a unit. It is most commonly used to denote 1. A radical (sqrt(12345)), 2. Repeating decimals ...

Vassiliev invariants, discovered around 1989, provided a radically new way of looking at knots. The notion of finite type (a.k.a. Vassiliev) knot invariants was independently ...

One would think that by analogy with the matching-generating polynomial, independence polynomial, etc., a cycle polynomial whose coefficients are the numbers of cycles of ...

The differential forms on C^n decompose into forms of type (p,q), sometimes called (p,q)-forms. For example, on C, the exterior algebra decomposes into four types: ^ C = ^ ^0 ...

The hat is a caret-shaped symbol commonly placed on top of variables to give them special meaning. The symbol x^^ is voiced "x-hat" (or sometimes as "x-roof") in mathematics, ...

A hyperbola (plural "hyperbolas"; Gray 1997, p. 45) is a conic section defined as the locus of all points P in the plane the difference of whose distances r_1=F_1P and ...

Kontsevich's integral is a far-reaching generalization of the Gauss integral for the linking number, and provides a tool to construct the universal Vassiliev invariant of a ...

A chart made by plotting the numeric values of a set of quantities as a set of adjacent circular wedges with arc lengths proportional to the total amount. All wedges taken ...

Let u and v be any functions of a set of variables (q_1,...,q_n,p_1,...,p_n). Then the expression ...

A tube of radius r of a set gamma is the set of points at a distance r from gamma. In particular, if gamma(t) is a regular space curve whose curvature does not vanish, then ...