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An orthogonal coordinate system is a system of curvilinear coordinates in which each family of surfaces intersects the others at right angles. Orthogonal coordinates ...

A Steiner quadruple system is a Steiner system S(t=3,k=4,v), where S is a v-set and B is a collection of k-sets of S such that every t-subset of S is contained in exactly one ...

A numeral is a symbol used to represent a number. Arabic numerals (0-9) are the ones most commonly used today. Other types, mainly of historical interest, include Egyptian, ...

The winding number W(theta) of a map f(theta) with initial value theta is defined by W(theta)=lim_(n->infty)(f^n(theta)-theta)/n, which represents the average increase in the ...

The ratio C of the largest to smallest singular value in the singular value decomposition of a matrix. The base-b logarithm of C is an estimate of how many base-b digits are ...

A pentagonal square triangular number is a number that is simultaneously a pentagonal number P_l, a square number S_m, and a triangular number T_n. This requires a solution ...

The cross number of a zero-system sigma={g_1,g_2,...,g_n} of G is defined as K(sigma)=sum_(i=1)^n1/(|g_i|) The cross number of a group G has two different definitions. 1. ...

The numbers defined by the recurrence relation K_(n+1)=1+min(2K_(|_n/2_|),3K_(|_n/3_|)), with K_0=1. The first few values for n=0, 1, 2, ... are 1, 3, 3, 4, 7, 7, 7, 9, 9, ...

To solve the system of differential equations (dx)/(dt)=Ax(t)+p(t), (1) where A is a matrix and x and p are vectors, first consider the homogeneous case with p=0. The ...

A set M of all polynomials in s variables, x_1, ..., x_s such that if P, P_1, and P_2 are members, then so are P_1+P_2 and QP, where Q is any polynomial in x_1, ..., x_s.