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The set of all centroid points in a weighted tree (Harary 1994, p. 36).

Two quantities a and b which are not equal are said to be unequal, and this relationship can be denoted a!=b.

A sphere of radius 1.

The operator e^(nut^2/2) which satisfies e^(nut^2/2)p(x)=1/(sqrt(2pinu))int_(-infty)^inftye^(-u^2/(2nu))p(x+u)du for nu>0.

A weighted graph is a graph in which each branch is given a numerical weight. A weighted graph is therefore a special type of labeled graph in which the labels are numbers ...

The path of an object through phase space.

A two-dimensional binary (k=2) totalistic cellular automaton with a von Neumann neighborhood of range r=1. It has a birth rule that at least 2 of its 4 neighbors are alive, ...

An n×n matrix whose rows are composed of cyclically shifted versions of a length-n list l. For example, the 4×4 circulant matrix on the list l={1,2,3,4} is given by C=[4 1 2 ...

Deck transformations, also called covering transformations, are defined for any cover p:A->X. They act on A by homeomorphisms which preserve the projection p. Deck ...

According to Hardy and Wright (1979), the 44-digit Ferrier's prime determined to be prime using only a mechanical calculator, is the largest prime found before the days of ...