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An operator defined on a set S which takes two elements from S as inputs and returns a single element of S. Binary operators are called compositions by Rosenfeld (1968). Sets ...

When referring to a planar object, "free" means that the object is regarded as capable of being picked up out of the plane and flipped over. As a result, mirror images are ...

The granny knot is a composite knot of six crossings consisting of a knot sum of two left-handed trefoils with the same orientation (Rolfsen 1976, p. 220). The granny knot ...

The square knot, also called the reef knot, is a composite knot of six crossings consisting of a knot sum of a trefoil knot and its mirror image (Rolfsen 1976, p. 220). The ...

The residue classes of a function f(x) mod n are all possible values of the residue f(x) (mod n). For example, the residue classes of x^2 (mod 6) are {0,1,3,4}, since 0^2=0 ...

If x_0 is an ordinary point of the ordinary differential equation, expand y in a Taylor series about x_0. Commonly, the expansion point can be taken as x_0=0, resulting in ...

For any ideal I in a Dedekind ring, there is an ideal I_i such that II_i=z, (1) where z is a principal ideal, (i.e., an ideal of rank 1). Moreover, for a Dedekind ring with a ...

The direct product of the rings R_gamma, for gamma some index set I, is the set product_(gamma in I)R_gamma={f:I-> union _(gamma in I)R_gamma|f(gamma) in R_gamma all gamma in ...

An abstract vector space of dimension n over a field k is the set of all formal expressions a_1v_1+a_2v_2+...+a_nv_n, (1) where {v_1,v_2,...,v_n} is a given set of n objects ...

An automorphic graph is a distance-transitive graph Gamma for which the automorphism group Aut(Gamma) acts primitively on the vertices of Gamma and is not a complete graph or ...