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The z-score associated with the ith observation of a random variable x is given by z_i=(x_i-x^_)/sigma, where x^_ is the mean and sigma the standard deviation of all ...

The Euler triangle formula states that the distance d between the incenter and circumcenter of a triangle is given by d^2=R(R-2r), where R is the circumradius and r is the ...

Modular arithmetic is the arithmetic of congruences, sometimes known informally as "clock arithmetic." In modular arithmetic, numbers "wrap around" upon reaching a given ...

A triangle with side lengths a, b, and c and triangle area Delta satisfies a^2+b^2+c^2>=4sqrt(3)Delta. Equality holds iff the triangle is equilateral.

Presburger arithmetic is the first-order theory of the natural numbers containing addition but no multiplication. It is therefore not as powerful as Peano arithmetic. ...

In mathematics, the term "collection" is generally used to mean a multiset, i.e., a set in which order is ignored but multiplicity is significant.

The mean square deviation of the best local fit straight line to a staircase cumulative spectral density over a normalized energy scale.

A vaguely defined branch of mathematics dealing with varieties, the Mordell conjecture, Arakelov theory, and elliptic curves.

A term for number theory.

An arithmetic function is a function f(n) defined for all n in N, usually taken to be complex-valued, so that f:N->C (Jones and Jones 1998, p. 143). An alternative definition ...