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If two numbers b and c have the property that their difference b-c is integrally divisible by a number m (i.e., (b-c)/m is an integer), then b and c are said to be "congruent ...

The constant pi, denoted pi, is a real number defined as the ratio of a circle's circumference C to its diameter d=2r, pi = C/d (1) = C/(2r) (2) pi has decimal expansion ...

The base 8 notational system for representing real numbers. The digits used are 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, and 7, so that 8_(10) (8 in base 10) is represented as 10_8 ...

One of the operations of addition, subtraction, multiplication, division, and integer (or rational) root extraction.

The ABC (atom-bond connectivity) matrix A_(ABC) of a simple graph is a weighted adjacency matrix with weight f(d_i,d_j)=sqrt((d_i+d_j-2)/(d_id_j)), (1) where d_i are the ...

The ABC (atom-bond connectivity) spectral radius rho_(ABC) of a graph is defined as the largest eigenvalue of its ABC matrix. Chen (2019) showed that for a tree on 3 or more ...

The energy of a graph is defined as the sum of the absolute values of its graph eigenvalues (i.e., the sum of its graph spectrum terms). Other varieties of graph energy are ...

Let a hotel have a denumerable set of rooms numbered 1, 2, 3, .... Then any finite number n of guests can be accommodated without evicting the current guests by moving the ...

The Randić energy of a graph is defined as the graph energy of its Randić matrix, i.e., the sum of the absolute values of the eigenvalues of its Randić matrix.

The Randić index of a graph is defined as half the sum of the matrix elements of its Randić matrix. While the index was introduced to model the branching of the carbon-atom ...