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The Dottie number is the name given by Kaplan (2007) to the unique real root of cosx=x (namely, the unique real fixed point of the cosine function), which is 0.739085... ...

To predict the result of a measurement requires (1) a model of the system under investigation, and (2) a physical theory linking the parameters of the model to the parameters ...

Knuth (2008, p. 44) terms the 24-vertex graph based on the notes of the musical scale illustrated above the "musical graph." This graph can be seen to be the 24-vertex case ...

The word net has several meanings in mathematics. It refers to a plane diagram in which the polyhedron edges of a polyhedron are shown, a point set satisfying certain ...

An orthogonal coordinate system is a system of curvilinear coordinates in which each family of surfaces intersects the others at right angles. Orthogonal coordinates ...

Given a Poisson process, the probability of obtaining exactly n successes in N trials is given by the limit of a binomial distribution P_p(n|N)=(N!)/(n!(N-n)!)p^n(1-p)^(N-n). ...

Many algorithms have been devised for determining the prime factors of a given number (a process called prime factorization). They vary quite a bit in sophistication and ...

Let a spherical triangle be drawn on the surface of a sphere of radius R, centered at a point O=(0,0,0), with vertices A, B, and C. The vectors from the center of the sphere ...

Szemerédi's theorem states that every sequence of integers that has positive upper Banach density contains arbitrarily long arithmetic progressions. A corollary states that, ...

The nth taxicab number Ta(n) is the smallest number representable in n ways as a sum of positive cubes. The numbers derive their name from the Hardy-Ramanujan number Ta(2) = ...