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The P versus NP problem is the determination of whether all NP-problems are actually P-problems. If P and NP are not equivalent, then the solution of NP-problems requires (in ...

The conjecture due to Pollock (1850) that every number is the sum of at most five tetrahedral numbers (Dickson 2005, p. 23; incorrectly described as "pyramidal numbers" and ...

The term "porism" is an archaic type of mathematical proposition whose historical purpose is not entirely known. It is used instead of "theorem" by some authors for a small ...

Quinn et al. (2007) investigated a class of N coupled oscillators whose bifurcation phase offset had a conjectured asymptotic behavior of sinphi∼1-c_1/N, with an experimental ...

A random variable is a measurable function from a probability space (S,S,P) into a measurable space (S^',S^') known as the state space (Doob 1996). Papoulis (1984, p. 88) ...

A random variate is a variable generated from uniformly distributed pseudorandom numbers. Depending on how they are generated, a random variate can be uniformly or ...

The reciprocal of a real or complex number z!=0 is its multiplicative inverse 1/z=z^(-1), i.e., z to the power -1. The reciprocal of zero is undefined. A plot of the ...

The reciprocal curve of a given circle is the locus of a point which moves so that its distance from the center of reciprocation varies as its distance from the line which is ...

Resolution is a widely used word with many different meanings. It can refer to resolution of equations, resolution of singularities (in algebraic geometry), resolution of ...

The Reynolds transport theorem, also called simply the Reynolds theorem, is an important result in fluid mechanics that's often considered a three-dimensional analog of the ...