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If r is the inradius of a circle inscribed in a right triangle with sides a and b and hypotenuse c, then r=1/2(a+b-c). (1) A Sangaku problem dated 1803 from the Gumma ...

In voting theory, a Condorcet candidate is a candidate who always wins in a 2-person election but loses in larger election. For example, consider the 6-tuples of 6-sided die ...

The term "continuum" has (at least) two distinct technical meanings in mathematics. The first is a compact connected metric space (Kuratowski 1968; Lewis 1983, pp. 361-394; ...

There are a number of graphs associated with J. H. Conway. The first is the unique rank-3 strongly regular graph with parameters (nu,k,lambda,mu)=(1408,567,246,216) with ...

The corkscrew surface, sometimes also called the twisted sphere (Gray 1997, p. 477), is a surface obtained by extending a sphere along a diameter and then twisting. It can be ...

A limiting case in which a class of object changes its nature so as to belong to another, usually simpler, class. For example, the point is a degenerate case of the circle as ...

The ding-dong surface is the cubic surface of revolution given by the equation x^2+y^2=(1-z)z^2 (1) (Hauser 2003) that is closely related to the kiss surface. The surface can ...

Let J_nu(z) be a Bessel function of the first kind, Y_nu(z) a Bessel function of the second kind, and K_nu(z) a modified Bessel function of the first kind. Also let R[z]>0 ...

A quadratic surface which has elliptical cross section. The elliptic paraboloid of height h, semimajor axis a, and semiminor axis b can be specified parametrically by x = ...

A parameterization of a minimal surface in terms of two functions f(z) and g(z) as [x(r,phi); y(r,phi); z(r,phi)]=Rint[f(1-g^2); if(1+g^2); 2fg]dz, where z=re^(iphi) and R[z] ...