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Twin primes are pairs of primes of the form (p, p+2). The term "twin prime" was coined by Paul Stäckel (1862-1919; Tietze 1965, p. 19). The first few twin primes are n+/-1 ...

A (0,2)-graph is a connected graph such that any two vertices have 0 or 2 common neighbors. (0,2)-graphs are regular, and the numbers of (0,2)-graphs with vertex degree 0, 1, ...

The set R union {+infty,-infty} obtained by adjoining two improper elements to the set R of real numbers is normally called the set of (affinely) extended real numbers. ...

The term analysis is used in two ways in mathematics. It describes both the discipline of which calculus is a part and one form of abstract logic theory. Analysis is the ...

A number k such that nk^2 has its last digit(s) equal to k is called n-automorphic. For example, 1·5__^2=25__ (Wells 1986, pp. 58-59) and 1·6__^2=36__ (Wells 1986, p. 68), so ...

The n-ball, denoted B^n, is the interior of a sphere S^(n-1), and sometimes also called the n-disk. (Although physicists often use the term "sphere" to mean the solid ball, ...

Ball triangle picking is the selection of triples of points (corresponding to vertices of a general triangle) randomly placed inside a ball. n random triangles can be picked ...

Betti numbers are topological objects which were proved to be invariants by Poincaré, and used by him to extend the polyhedral formula to higher dimensional spaces. ...

The problem of packing a set of items into a number of bins such that the total weight, volume, etc. does not exceed some maximum value. A simple algorithm (the first-fit ...

Calabi-Yau spaces are important in string theory, where one model posits the geometry of the universe to consist of a ten-dimensional space of the form M×V, where M is a four ...