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Numerical differentiation is the process of finding the numerical value of a derivative of a given function at a given point. In general, numerical differentiation is more ...

The curve defined by the Cartesian equation f(x)=ln|(sinx)/x|=ln|sinc(x)|. The Kilroy curve arises in the study of spread spectra plotted on a logarithmic (decibel) scale, ...

Pogson's ratio is the constant 100^(1/5)=10^(2/5)=2.511886431... (OEIS A189824) appearing in the definition of the astronomical magnitude (brightness) scale. This scale is ...

For a diagonal metric tensor g_(ij)=g_(ii)delta_(ij), where delta_(ij) is the Kronecker delta, the scale factor for a parametrization x_1=f_1(q_1,q_2,...,q_n), ...

The expression im kleinen is German and means "on a small scale." A topological space is connected im kleinen at a point x if every neighborhood U of x contains an open ...

Expansion is an affine transformation (sometimes called an enlargement or dilation) in which the scale is increased. It is the opposite of a geometric contraction, and is ...

A univariate distribution proportional to the F-distribution. If the vector d is Gaussian multivariate-distributed with zero mean and unit covariance matrix N_p(0,I) and M is ...

Knuth (2008, p. 44) terms the 24-vertex graph based on the notes of the musical scale illustrated above the "musical graph." This graph can be seen to be the 24-vertex case ...

Isolated resonances in a dynamical system can cause considerable distortion of preserved tori in their neighborhood, but they do not introduce any chaos into a system. ...

If X_i for i=1, ..., m has a multivariate normal distribution with mean vector mu=0 and covariance matrix Sigma, and X denotes the m×p matrix composed of the row vectors X_i, ...