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The double sphere is the degenerate quartic surface (x^2+y^2+z^2-r^2)^2=0 obtained by squaring the left-hand side of the equation of a usual sphere x^2+y^2+z^2-r^2=0.

The dumbbell curve is the sextic curve a^4y^2=x^4(a^2-x^2). (1) It has area A=1/4pia^2 (2) and approximate arc length s approx 5.541a. (3) For the parametrization x = at (4) ...

The simplest algebraic language, denoted D. If X is the alphabet {x,x^_}, then D is the set of words u of X which satisfy 1. |u|_x=|u|_(x^_), where |u|_x is the numbers of ...

An equation is a mathematical expression stating that two or more quantities are the same as one another, also called an equality, formula, or identity.

The term external direct product is used to refer to either the external direct sum of groups under the group operation of multiplication, or over infinitely many spaces in ...

The Cartesian product of a finite or infinite set of modules over a ring with only finitely many nonzero entries in each sequence.

Since |(a+ib)(c+id)| = |a+ib||c+di| (1) |(ac-bd)+i(bc+ad)| = sqrt(a^2+b^2)sqrt(c^2+d^2), (2) it follows that (a^2+b^2)(c^2+d^2) = (ac-bd)^2+(bc+ad)^2 (3) = e^2+f^2. (4) This ...

Let a, b, and k be integers with k>=1. For j=0, 1, 2, let S_j=sum_(i=j (mod 3))(-1)^i(k; i)a^(k-i)b^i. Then 2(a^2+ab+b^2)^(2k)=(S_0-S_1)^4+(S_1-S_2)^4+(S_2-S_0)^4.

A separable algebraic extension E of F for which every irreducible polynomial in F which has a single root in E has all its roots in E is said to be Galoisian. Galoisian ...

For even h, (1) (Nagell 1951, p. 176). Writing out symbolically, sum_(n=0)^h((-1)^nproduct_(k=0)^(n-1)(1-x^(h-k)))/(product_(k=1)^(n)(1-x^k))=product_(k=0)^(h/2-1)1-x^(2k+1), ...