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An graph edge of a graph is separating if a path from a point A to a point B must pass over it. Separating graph edges can therefore be viewed as either bridges or dead ends.

Two distinct point pairs AC and BD separate each other if A, B, C, and D lie on a circle (or line) in such order that either of the arcs (or the line segment AC) contains one ...

There exist numbers y_1<y_2<...<y_(n-1), a<y_(n-1), y_(n-1)<b, such that lambda_nu=alpha(y_nu)-alpha(y_(nu-1)), (1) where nu=1, 2, ..., n, y_0=a and y_n=b. Furthermore, the ...

A phase curve (i.e., an invariant manifold) which meets a hyperbolic fixed point (i.e., an intersection of a stable and an unstable invariant manifold) or connects the ...

The bias of a series is defined as Q[a_i,a_(i+1),a_(i+2)]=(a_ia_(i+2)-a_(i+1)^2)/(a_ia_(i+1)a_(i+2)). A series is geometric iff Q=0. A series is artistic iff the bias is ...

If f(x)=f_0+f_1x+f_2x^2+...+f_nx^n+..., (1) then S(n,j)=f_jx^j+f_(j+n)x^(j+n)+f_(j+2n)x^(j+2n)+... (2) is given by S(n,j)=1/nsum_(t=0)^(n-1)w^(-jt)f(w^tx), (3) where ...

A set is a finite or infinite collection of objects in which order has no significance, and multiplicity is generally also ignored (unlike a list or multiset). Members of a ...

One of the disjoint subsets making up a set partition. A block containing n elements is called an n-block. The partitioning of sets into blocks can be denoted using a ...

If a triangle is inscribed in a conic section, any line conjugate to one side meets the other two sides in conjugate points.

The surface corresponding to the region of obscuration when a solid is illuminated from a point light source (located at the radiant point). A disk is the shadow of a sphere ...