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An H-space, named after Heinz Hopf, and sometimes also called a Hopf space, is a topological space together with a continuous binary operation mu:X×X->X, such that there ...

A homogeneous ideal I in a graded ring R= direct sum A_i is an ideal generated by a set of homogeneous elements, i.e., each one is contained in only one of the A_i. For ...

Given two topological spaces M and N, place an equivalence relationship on the continuous maps f:M->N using homotopies, and write f_1∼f_2 if f_1 is homotopic to f_2. Roughly ...

Two topological spaces X and Y are homotopy equivalent if there exist continuous maps f:X->Y and g:Y->X, such that the composition f degreesg is homotopic to the identity ...

A quantity which remains unchanged under certain classes of transformations. Invariants are extremely useful for classifying mathematical objects because they usually reflect ...

A Laurent polynomial with coefficients in the field F is an algebraic object that is typically expressed in the form ...+a_(-n)t^(-n)+a_(-(n-1))t^(-(n-1))+... ...

A surface of revolution defined by Kepler. It consists of less than half of a circular arc rotated about an axis passing through the endpoints of the arc. The equations of ...

Given a map f from a space X to a space Y and another map g from a space Z to a space Y, a lift is a map h from X to Z such that gh=f. In other words, a lift of f is a map h ...

A linear equation is an algebraic equation of the form y=mx+b involving only a constant and a first-order (linear) term, where m is the slope and b is the y-intercept. The ...

The study of number fields by embedding them in a local field is called local class field theory. Information about an equation in a local field may give information about ...