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A map projection obtained by projecting points P on the surface of sphere from the sphere's north pole N to point P^' in a plane tangent to the south pole S (Coxeter 1969, p. ...

There are two definitions of the supersingular primes: one group-theoretic, and the other number-theoretic. Group-theoretically, let Gamma_0(N) be the modular group Gamma0, ...

For every even dimension 2n, the symplectic group Sp(2n) is the group of 2n×2n matrices which preserve a nondegenerate antisymmetric bilinear form omega, i.e., a symplectic ...

A technical mathematical object defined in terms of a polynomial ring of n variables over a field k. Syzygies occur in tensors at rank 5, 7, 8, and all higher ranks, and play ...

Topology is the mathematical study of the properties that are preserved through deformations, twistings, and stretchings of objects. Tearing, however, is not allowed. A ...

Trigonometric functions of npi/7 for n an integer cannot be expressed in terms of sums, products, and finite root extractions on real rational numbers because 7 is not a ...

A vector basis of a vector space V is defined as a subset v_1,...,v_n of vectors in V that are linearly independent and span V. Consequently, if (v_1,v_2,...,v_n) is a list ...

A vector space V is a set that is closed under finite vector addition and scalar multiplication. The basic example is n-dimensional Euclidean space R^n, where every element ...

The Euler numbers, also called the secant numbers or zig numbers, are defined for |x|<pi/2 by sechx-1=-(E_1^*x^2)/(2!)+(E_2^*x^4)/(4!)-(E_3^*x^6)/(6!)+... (1) ...

An integral of the form intf(z)dz, (1) i.e., without upper and lower limits, also called an antiderivative. The first fundamental theorem of calculus allows definite ...