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A random number which lies within a specified range (which can, without loss of generality, be taken as [0, 1]), with a uniform distribution.

A function or transformation f in which f(z) does not overlap z. In modular function theory, a function is called univalent on a subgroup G if it is automorphic under G and ...

The Chu-Vandermonde identity _2F_1(-n,b;c;1)=((c-b)_n)/((c)_n) (1) (for n in Z^+) is a special case of Gauss's hypergeometric theorem _2F_1(a,b;c;1) = ((c-b)_(-a))/((c)_(-a)) ...

Determining the maximum number of pieces in which it is possible to divide a circle for a given number of cuts is called the circle cutting or pancake cutting problem. The ...

The W polynomials obtained by setting p(x)=x and q(x)=1 in the Lucas polynomial sequence. (The corresponding w polynomials are called Lucas polynomials.) They have explicit ...

Let C^*(u) denote the number of nowhere-zero u-flows on a connected graph G with vertex count n, edge count m, and connected component count c. This quantity is called the ...

A geometric series sum_(k)a_k is a series for which the ratio of each two consecutive terms a_(k+1)/a_k is a constant function of the summation index k. The more general case ...

Any composite number n with p|(n/p-1) for all prime divisors p of n. n is a Giuga number iff sum_(k=1)^(n-1)k^(phi(n))=-1 (mod n) (1) where phi is the totient function and ...

Consider an n×n (0, 1)-matrix such as [a_(11) a_(23) ; a_(22) a_(34); a_(21) a_(33) ; a_(32) a_(44); a_(31) a_(43) ; a_(42) a_(54); a_(41) a_(53) ; a_(52) a_(64)] (1) for ...

Like the entire harmonic series, the harmonic series sum_(k=1)^infty1/(p_k)=infty (1) taken over all primes p_k also diverges, as first shown by Euler in 1737 (Nagell 1951, ...